home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- WORLD, Page 32CENTRAL AMERICAThe "Disposal Problem"
-
-
- Five Presidents tell the contras to disband, but will they go?
-
-
- The symbolism was as inescapable as the irony. When the
- five Central American Presidents gathered last week in the
- resort town of Tela in northern Honduras, their meeting place
- was a seaside compound once owned by the United Fruit Co., the
- U.S. multinational concern that long represented the essence of
- gringo imperialism in the region. There, the Presidents*
- negotiated the dissolution of the Nicaraguan contras, a force
- that to many Central Americans symbolized U.S. arrogance and
- interference during the 1980s. When the Presidents emerged from
- three days of deliberations, they had signed an agreement on a
- specific series of steps to demobilize the contras within the
- next four months.
-
- The so-called Tela Declaration was a gesture that carried
- all the moral authority of the region's leaders but none of the
- military force that might be needed to make it stick. Its
- realization hinges on the "voluntary" cooperation of the
- contras and assigns responsibility for implementation to the
- United Nations and the Organization of American States.
-
- Still, the latest attempt to end the eight-year war in
- Nicaragua was a rebuff to the U.S., which has supported and
- guided the contra effort since its inception in 1981. Right up
- to the last minute, the Bush Administration lobbied regional
- leaders to postpone demobilization until after the Nicaraguan
- election, scheduled for Feb. 25, to give the Sandinista regime
- at least some incentive to uphold its pledges for a free and
- fair vote.
-
- But as the contra war winds down to a whimper, so too does
- a U.S. policy that preoccupied the Reagan Administration through
- two terms. The seeds of disengagement were sown last April,
- when President Bush secured $49.75 million in nonlethal aid for
- the contras in exchange for a guarantee that Congress could
- review -- and sever -- the aid package this November. Since many
- in Congress support the Central American leaders' desire to
- disband the contras, the Bush Administration seemed to
- capitulate without a fight. "Our intention is to play it
- straight and stick with the ((peace)) process," said a State
- Department official. "We're not going to stand in the way."
-
- If enforced, the demobilization scheme will complete the
- gradual mutation of the contras from a military threat to a
- political force to a refugee remnant that U.S. officials have
- dubbed the "disposal problem." The Tela plan invites contras
- and their families to return to Nicaragua from their bases in
- Honduras but offers the option of resettlement in other
- countries. Honduras desperately wants the contras to go
- elsewhere, and Nicaragua has offered to repatriate them safely.
- But if the contras do not trust such Sandinista promises, the
- U.S. will face the painful question of its responsibilities
- toward the rebel force it created.
-
- Much to the dismay of the contras, the demobilization plan
- enjoys the support of Nicaragua's 20 opposition parties. To
- ensure their cooperation, President Daniel Ortega Saavedra
- pledged to suspend Nicaragua's military draft until after the
- election, to hold fair balloting and to grant opposition
- candidates free television time. But the U.S. remains skeptical
- that the election will really prove free or fair, and last
- week's agreement provides no penalties whatsoever should Ortega
- renege on his pledges.
-
- Despite the Tela plan's promise, few observers are ready to
- pronounce the contras dead. Such pronouncements have been
- issued before. And the rebels made it plain last week that
- unless the Sandinistas agreed to negotiate with them as equal
- partners, they had no intention of disarming. If the contras
- fail to lay down their rifles voluntarily, no one is offering
- to take the weapons by force.
-
-